Purpose　-　To　fabricate　the　self-hardening　calcium　phosphate　composite　scaffolds　with　controlled　internal　pore　architectures　using　rapid　prototyping　(RP)　techniques　and　investigate　their　in　vitro　bone　tissue　engineering　responses.　Design/methodology/approach　-　The　three-dimensionally　interconnected　pores　in　scaffolds　can　facilitate　sufficient　supply　of　blood,　oxygen　and　nutrients　for　the　ingrowth　of　bone　cells,　tissue　regeneration,　and　vascularization.　It　is　essential　for　bone　tissue　engineering　to　provide　an　accurate　control　over　the　scaffolds　material,　porosity,　and　internal　pore　architectures.　Negative　image　of　scaffold　was　designed　and　epoxy　resin　molds　were　fabricated　on　sterolithography　apparatus.　Calcium　phosphate　cement　slurry　was　cast　in　these　molds.　After　self-hardening,　the　molds　were　removed　by　pyrolysis　and　the　resulting　scaffolds　were　obtained.　Findings　-　Eight　scaffolds　with　54.45　percent　porosity　were　tested　on　an　Instron　machine.　The　average　compressive　strength　measured　was　5.8　+/-　0.8　Mpa.　Cytotoxicity　and　cell　proliferation　studies　were　conducted　with　rabbit　osteoblast.　Results　showed　that　these　scaffolds　were　non-toxic　and　displayed　excellent　cell　growth　during　the　2　weeks　of　in　vitro　culture.　Research　limitations/implications　-　The　resulting　scaffolds　inherited　errors　and　defects　from　the　molds,　such　as　cracks　and　dimensional　changes.　Originality/value　-　The　present　method　enhances　the　versatility　of　scaffold　fabrication　by　RP.　It　is　capable　of　reproducibly　fabricating　scaffolds　from　a　variety　of　biomaterials.