Objective:　To　evaluate　the　biocompatibility　of　silk　fibroin-hydroxylapatite　osteoid　composite　biomaterials.　Methods:　Osteoblast-like　cell　line　MG-63　in　the　experiment　group　was　cultured　in　vitro　and　vaccinated　on　the　surface　of　silk　fibroin-hydroxyapatite　osteoid　composite　biomaterials,　while　in　the　control　group　it　was　inoculated　on　the　pure　hydroxyapatite.　The　biocompatibility　of　the　materials　in　the　two　groups　was　evaluated　by　inverted　microscopy　and　tetrazolium　salt　colorimetric　(MTT)　assay,　respectively.　For　in　vivo　evaluation　of　biocompatibility,　the　silk　fibroin-hydroxyapatite　osteoid　composite　biomaterials　were　implanted　in　the　femoral　medullary　cavity　of　New　Zealand　white　rabbits　in　the　experiment　group,　while　pure　hychoxyapatite　were　implanted　in　the　control　group.　At　week　4　and　week　8,　the　specimens　were　removed,　decalcified,　embedded　in　paraffin,　sectioned　and　stained　(HE　and　Masson　staining)　to　observe　new　bone　formation　and　evaluate　the　biocompatibility　in　vivo.　Results:　In　vitro　and　in　vivo　experiments　showed　that　silk　fibroin-hydroxyapatite　osteoid　composite　biomaterials　in　the　experiment　group　had　good　biocompatibility.　Conclusion:　Silk　fibroin-hydroxyapatite　has　excellent　biocompatibility,　and　thus　it　is　expected　to　become　a　new　type　of　bone　substitute　materials.