The　oil-water　separation　technologies　of　removing　oil　pollutants　from　water　in　an　efficient　and　economical　way　is　a　challenge.　The　current　methods　used　for　oil-water　separation　suffer　many　shortcomings,　including　a　low　separation　efficiency,　complex　separation　equipment,　high　operation　costs,　and　secondary　pollution.　In　this　study,　we　fabricated　a　highly　flexible,　high-intensity,　quite　stable　superhydrophobic　and　superoleophilic　polyimide　(PI)　nanofibrous　membranes,　which　are　much　more　efficient　and　cost　efficient　for　oil-water　separation　by　modifying　the　membranes　with　a　polydopamine　(PDA)　solution　and　polytetrafluoroethylene　(PTFE)　dispersion.　The　fabricated　membrane　(PDA-PTFE-PI)　possesses　both　the　high　tensile　stress　of　PI　and　the　superhydrophobic　and　superlipophilic　properties　of　the　PDA-PTFE　coating.　The　modified　membrane　could　separate　various　oil-water　mixtures　efficiently　at　a　high　flux　(6000　L　center　dot　m(-2)center　dot　h(-1))　and　an　extremely　high　efficiency　(＞99%).　Furthermore,　even　when　the　membrane　was　under　an　extremely　hostile　environment　(with　an　ultrahigh　temperature,　strong　acidity,　or　strong　basicity),　it　still　remained　quickly　stable　with　a　good　separation　efficiency　and　recyclability　after　10　cycles.　We　anticipate　that　our　study　will　provide　a　new　technology　for　the　highly　efficient　mass　production　of　oil-water　mixture　management.　(c)　2019　Wiley　Periodicals,　Inc.　J.　Appl.　Polym.　Sci.　2019,　136,　47638.