A　new　method　for　preparing　composite　materials　on　metal　surfaces　by　injecting　high-speed　solid　particles　is　proposed.　High-speed　316L　stainless　steel　particles　accelerated　using　high-pressure　nitrogen　in　a　de　Laval　nozzle　were　injected　into　an　aluminum　surface　to　form　an　Al/316L　composite　surface　without　the　buildup　of　a　coating.　The　acceleration　and　injection　processes　of　the　316L　particles　were　simulated.　The　injection　and　deposition　behaviors　of　the　316L　stainless　steel　particles　on　the　aluminum　substrate　were　investigated.　The　compressive　stress　strengthening　induced　by　the　tamping　effect　was　also　studied.　It　was　shown　that　the　strengthening　of　the　Al/316L　composite　surface　achieved　via　both　shot　peening　and　the　metal　matrix　composites,　known　as　the　double-strengthening　effect,　significantly　improved　the　wear　resistance　of　the　aluminum　substrate.　In　addition,　the　introduction　of　beneficial　compressive　residual　stress　on　the　surface　of　the　material　was　shown　to　effectively　improve　the　anti-adhesive　wear　and　fatigue　wear　resistance.　©　2020　Elsevier　B.V.