Bacterial　infections　have　seriously　threatened　human　health　and　the　abuse　of　natural　or　artificial　antibiotics　leads　to　bacterial　resistance,　so　development　of　a　new　generation　of　antibacterial　agents　and　treatment　methods　is　urgent.　2D　molybdenum　sulfide　(MoS2)　has　good　biocompatibility,　high　specific　surface　area　to　facilitate　surface　modification　and　drug　loading,　adjustable　energy　bandgap,　and　high　near-infrared　photothermal　conversion　efficiency　(PCE),　so　it　is　often　used　for　antibacterial　application　through　its　photothermal　or　photodynamic　effects.　This　review　comprehensively　summarizes　and　discusses　the　fabrication　processes,　structural　characteristics,　antibacterial　performance,　and　the　corresponding　mechanisms　of　MoS2-based　materials　as　well　as　their　representative　antibacterial　applications.　In　addition,　the　outlooks　on　the　remaining　challenges　that　should　be　addressed　in　the　field　of　MoS2　are　also　proposed.