Due　to　the　detriment　and　non-renewable　of　formaldehyde　in　phenolic　resin,　a　novel　phenolic　resin,　terephthalaldehyde　phenolic　thermosets,　was　synthesized　by　using　a　safe　and　renewable　terephthalaldehyde　instead　of　formaldehyde.　NMR,　IR,　GPC　and　rheometer　were　utilized　to　explore　the　structure　and　properties　of　the　resin.　To　further　improve　the　thermal　properties　of　the　resin,　ferrocenecarboxaldehyde　was　choosed　to　modify　the　resin.　The　curing　mechanism　of　the　modified　resin　was　systematically　clarified　according　to　the　curing　kinetics　of　resin　by　Kissinger,　isoconversion　and　autocatalytic　kinetic　model.　Finally,　the　thermal　properties　of　the　cured　resin　were　studied　by　MDSC　and　TG.　When　adding　15%　ferrocenecarboxaldehyde,　the　modified　resin　presents　excellent　thermal　properties　whose　glass　transition　temperature　and　initial　decomposition　temperature　was　319.3　and　397.7　respectively,　and　the　weight　retention　rate　was　as　high　as　76.07%　under　800　nitrogen　atmosphere.　©　2022,　Editorial　Board　of　CIESC　Journal.　All　right　reserved.