The　symmetry　breaking　of　inversion　in　solid　crystals　will　induce　electric　polarization　in　all　solid　crystals,　which　is　well　known　as　flexoelectricity.　At　the　nanometer　scale,　due　to　the　large　ratio　of　surface　to　volume,　piezoelectric　structures　always　exhibit　distinct　mechanical　and　electrical　behaviors　compared　with　their　bulk　counterparts.　In　the　current　work,　the　effects　of　surface　and　flexoelectricity　on　the　buckling　and　vibration　of　piezoelectric　nanowires　is　investigated　based　on　a　continuum　framework　and　the　Euler-Bernoulli　beam　hypothesis.　Analytical　solutions　of　the　electric　field　in　the　piezoelectric　nanobeam　subjected　to　electrical　and　mechanical　loads　are　obtained　with　the　surface,　flexoelectric　and　nonlocal　electric　effects.　Numeric　simulations　demonstrate　that　the　Young＇s　modulus　and　bending　rigidity　of　PZT　and　BaTiO3　(BT)　nanowires　are　enhanced　by　flexoelectricity.　In　addition,　the　critical　buckling　voltage　is　calculated　with　consideration　of　the　effects　of　surface　and　flexoelectricity,　and　it　is　found　that　the　effects　of　surface　piezoelectricity,　flexoelectricity　and　residual　surface　stress　play　significant　roles　in　determining　the　critical　buckling　voltage.　Results　obtained　for　the　first　resonance　frequency　also　indicate　that　the　effects　of　surface　and　flexoelectricity　are　more　significant　at　a　narrow　range　of　beam　thickness.　The　first　resonance　frequency　of　PZT　and　BT　nanowires　is　also　influenced　by　the　residual　surface　stress　and　external　applied　voltage.　The　current　work　is　expected　to　provide　a　fundamental　study　on　the　buckling　and　vibration　behaviors　of　piezoelectric　nanobeams,　and　it　might　also　be　helpful　in　devising　piezoelectric　nanowire-based　nanoelectronics.