Ethnopharmacological　relevance:　Filipendula　palmata　Maxim.　as　an　ethnic　herb　is　commonly　used　by　Oroqen　minority　people　in　the　treatment　of　rheumatism　in　China　and　as　a　wild　vegetable　is　eaten　by　Russian　in　the　Far　East　area.　However,　so　far,　the　chemical　constituents　and　bioactivity　of　this　edible　herb　are　still　unclear,　especially　the　anti-inflammatory　constituents　and　action　have　not　been　elucidated　despite　the　traditional　folk　use.　Aim　of　study:　The　current　study　was　conducted　to　investigate　the　main　chemical　components　of　the　aerial　part　of　F.　palmata　and　evaluate　the　anti-inflammatory　and　antioxidant　and　cytotoxic　activities　of　the　extract　and　the　isolated　constituents.　Materials　and　methods:　Various　chromatographic　techniques　including　silica　gel,　ODS,　HPLC　were　used　to　isolate　the　components　and　several　spectroscopic　methods　such　as　UV,　IR,　MS　and　NMR　were　adopted　to　characterize　the　structures　of　the　compounds.　The　inhibitory　action　of　the　extract　and　components　on　the　production　of　nitric　oxide　stimulated　by　LPS　in　RAW264.7　cells　was　applied　to　evaluate　the　antiinflammatory　activity　and　the　MTT　method　was　used　to　investigate　the　cytotoxicity.　In　addition,　the　antioxidant　capacity　of　F.　palmata　was　measured　in　three　in　vitro　assays　including　DPPH　and　hydroxyl　radicals　scavenging　and　FRAP　experiments.　Results:　The　bioactivity　research　demonstrated　that　the　EtOAc　fraction　and　n-　BuOH　fraction　of　this　ethnic　herb　possessed　potent　anti-inflammation　activity　in　RAW264.7　macrophages　and　antioxidant　activity　in　three　in　vitro　assays.　The　chemical　study　on　the　EtOAc　fraction　led　to　a　new　dihydrophenanthrene　derivative,　filipendutin　A　(1),　together　with　9　known　compounds　from　the　herb,　in　which　compound　4　could　significantly　inhibit　the　production　of　nitric　oxide　in　RAW264.7　cells,　while　compounds　1　and　9　exhibited　obvious　cytotoxicity　in　cells.　Conclusions:　These　results　demonstrated　that　F.　palmata　had　significant　anti-inflammatory　and　antioxidant　activities　and　could　be　used　in　the　treatment　of　inflammatory　diseases.　Meanwhile,　the　cytotoxic　activity　of　EtOAc　fraction　and　its　components　also　indicated　the　potential　application　in　antitumor　which　remained　the　further　study　in　the　future.